[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.kpso.cz\/ocas-ukonceny-ploutvi-vyborny-lokomocni-organ\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.kpso.cz\/ocas-ukonceny-ploutvi-vyborny-lokomocni-organ\/","headline":"Ocas ukon\u010den\u00fd ploutv\u00ed \u2013 v\u00fdborn\u00fd lokomo\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1n","name":"Ocas ukon\u010den\u00fd ploutv\u00ed \u2013 v\u00fdborn\u00fd lokomo\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1n","description":"I u jednobun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch organism\u016f, t\u0159eba u n\u011bkter\u00fdch prvok\u016f, zaji\u0161\u0165uje pohyb \u2013 plav\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 jeden nebo v\u00edce bi\u010d\u00edk\u016f. U bezobratl\u00fdch vid\u00edme nej\u010dast\u011bji vlniv\u00fd pohyb cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla (hl\u00edstice, pijavky) nebo se pohybuj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed ko\u017en\u00edch lem\u016f (hlavono\u017eci). V\u00fdkonn\u00fd pohon pomoc\u00ed ocasn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla, v\u011bt\u0161inou opat\u0159en\u00e9 ploutv\u00ed, nach\u00e1z\u00edme a\u017e u rybovit\u00fdch obratlovc\u016f. P\u0159i plav\u00e1n\u00ed se pohyb svaloviny trupu p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed […]","datePublished":"2025-03-02","dateModified":"2023-05-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.kpso.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.kpso.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/eaa8d03c255e1a749937a03afe319562d500ac9ddac78a88a8e436c8d21c5e47?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/eaa8d03c255e1a749937a03afe319562d500ac9ddac78a88a8e436c8d21c5e47?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"kpso.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.kpso.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a301752_w1712_t1511853315.png","url":"https:\/\/www.kpso.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a301752_w1712_t1511853315.png","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.kpso.cz\/ocas-ukonceny-ploutvi-vyborny-lokomocni-organ\/","about":["Hobby\r"],"wordCount":387,"articleBody":"\tI u jednobun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch organism\u016f, t\u0159eba u n\u011bkter\u00fdch prvok\u016f, zaji\u0161\u0165uje pohyb \u2013 plav\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 jeden nebo v\u00edce bi\u010d\u00edk\u016f. U bezobratl\u00fdch vid\u00edme nej\u010dast\u011bji vlniv\u00fd pohyb cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla (hl\u00edstice, pijavky) nebo se pohybuj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed ko\u017en\u00edch lem\u016f (hlavono\u017eci).\tV\u00fdkonn\u00fd pohon pomoc\u00ed ocasn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla, v\u011bt\u0161inou opat\u0159en\u00e9 ploutv\u00ed, nach\u00e1z\u00edme a\u017e u rybovit\u00fdch obratlovc\u016f. P\u0159i plav\u00e1n\u00ed se pohyb svaloviny trupu p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed plynule na ocasn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bla v\u010detn\u011b ploutve. T\u00edm doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed jej\u00ed plochy a p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 plochy ocasn\u00edho n\u00e1sadce p\u0159i jejich bo\u010dn\u00edch pohybech.\tRyb\u00e1\u0159i si u sv\u00fdch \u00falovk\u016f v\u0161\u00edmaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tvaru a zbarven\u00ed ocasn\u00ed ploutve. T\u011bm zku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sta\u010d\u00ed, aby jen na okam\u017eik zahl\u00e9dli na hladin\u011b alespo\u0148 jej\u00ed malou \u010d\u00e1st a okam\u017eit\u011b poznaj\u00ed, kdo je jejich soupe\u0159em. Vzru\u0161en\u00ed u nich vyvol\u00e1 nesoum\u011brn\u00e1 ocasn\u00ed ploutev metrov\u00e9ho jesetera i soum\u011brn\u011b vykrojen\u00e9 \u201ep\u00e1dlo\u201c kapra, cand\u00e1ta nebo \u0161tiky.\tSe soum\u011brn\u011b u\u0165atou ploutv\u00ed se m\u016f\u017eeme v\u00a0na\u0161ich vod\u00e1ch setkat u drobn\u00fdch rybek jako je m\u0159enka, sekavec a sekav\u010d\u00edk i nep\u016fvodn\u00ed sume\u010dek americk\u00fd.\tSoum\u011brn\u011b vypouklou ocasn\u00ed ploutev m\u00e1, dnes ji\u017e m\u00e1lo v\u00eddan\u00fd, pisko\u0159, ale tak\u00e9 m\u00e1 takto tvarovanou ploutev sumec.\tP\u0159\u00edroda vyvinula u ryb n\u011bkolik model\u016f ocasn\u00edch ploutv\u00ed. Pro starobyl\u00e9 lalokoploutv\u00e9 ryby \u2013 latim\u00e9rie podivn\u00e1 \u2013 je typick\u00e1 zahrocen\u00e1 dificerkn\u00ed (vn\u011b i vnit\u0159n\u011b soum\u011brn\u00e1, nap\u0159. \u00faho\u0159) ocasn\u00ed ploutev se t\u0159emi laloky. Ploutev starobyl\u00fdch bahn\u00edk\u016f je v\u011bj\u00ed\u0159ovit\u011b zaokrouhlen\u00e1.\tT\u0159i typy ocasn\u00edch ploutv\u00ed na\u0161ich ryb:\t\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Homocerkn\u00ed \u2013 soum\u011brn\u00e1 ploutev se stejn\u011b dlouh\u00fdmi laloky, nap\u0159\u00edklad jelec proudn\u00edk\t\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Heterocerkn\u00ed (epicerkn\u00ed) \u2013 vn\u011b i vnit\u0159n\u011b nesoum\u011brn\u00e1, konec p\u00e1te\u0159e sm\u011b\u0159uje do horn\u00edho laloku, nesoum\u011brn\u00e1 ploutev s\u00a0del\u0161\u00edm horn\u00edm lalokem, nap\u0159. jeseter, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 horn\u00ed lalok v\u00fdrazn\u011b del\u0161\u00ed\t\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Heterocerkn\u00ed (hypocerkn\u00ed) \u2013 nesoum\u011brn\u00e1 ploutev s\u00a0del\u0161\u00edm doln\u00edm lalokem, nap\u0159. cejn perle\u0165ov\u00fd a cejn sinn\u00fd\tObecn\u011b u sladkovodn\u00edch i mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ryb p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed ocasn\u00ed ploutve tvo\u0159en\u00e9 dv\u011bma laloky, horn\u00edm a doln\u00edm.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.7\/5 - (15 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Ocas ukon\u010den\u00fd ploutv\u00ed \u2013 v\u00fdborn\u00fd lokomo\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1n","item":"https:\/\/www.kpso.cz\/ocas-ukonceny-ploutvi-vyborny-lokomocni-organ\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]